Dale Zhou

Hewitt Postdoctoral Research Fellow & Cunningham Scholar
University of California, Irvine

Advisors:

Research:

  • Compression     How do brain networks distill vast amounts of information?
  • Curiosity     How do we build and search complex webs of information?
  • Control theory     How do brain networks attune the flow of activity?
  • Reinforcement learning     How do we explore and plan in large networks?
  • Computational psychiatry     How do symptoms across many mental illnesses relate to an information processing "curse of dimensionality"?
  • Science of science and diversity in science     How do we and how should we practice science?

PhD in Neuroscience
University of Pennsylvania

Advisors:

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University of Maryland, College Park National Institute of Mental Health
Too much

Dale moved from Atlanta, GA to Bethesda, MD as a child, blowing his chance at becoming a true southern gentleman. As consolation, he was awarded dual degrees and 3rd place in a campus-wide table tennis tournament by the University of Maryland. Weighing his prospects as a professional athlete, he decided to train at the National Institute of Mental Health in neuroscience. On occasion, Dale tried to escape his ever-northward destiny. One summer, he reportedly biked west across the U.S., pedaling from Maryland to Oregon to help fight cancer. But his efforts proved fruitless; Dale moved north again to Philadelphia and joined Penn's Neuroscience Graduate Group. He yearns to one day search for research positions in all cardinal directions. Outside of lab, Dale enjoys reading, music, art, gaming, hiking, and maintaining lists of exciting future hobbies.

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Latest



Research

Selected Publications

Mindful attention promotes control of brain network dynamics for self-regulation and discontinues the past from the present
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Dale Zhou, Yoona Kang, Danielle Cosme, Mia Jovanova, Xiaosong He, Arun Mahadevan, Jeesung Ahn, Ovidia Stanoi, Julia Brynildsen, Nicole Cooper, Eli Cornblath, Linden Parkes, Peter Mucha, Kevin Ochsner, David Lydon-Staley, Emily Falk, Dani Bassett

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Practitioners of mindfulness effortfully de-automatize habitual reactions and center the present moment. We investigated how to understand these defining components of mindful experience using formal theory and associated computational metrics of brain network structure and function. In an experiment, we instructed college students to mindfully regulate their responses to alcohol in an fMRI scanner. Analyzing their neural activity, we identified changes in brain function during mindfulness. These changes in brain function characterize how individuals exert effort to de-automatize natural reactions to alcohol. We found associated brain metrics that predicted how likely college students were to drink alcohol in the future. Analyzing how their brain activity naturally changes over time, we found that brain regions that used more effort tended to renew activity more quickly. Since renewing activity is updating the present, the brain may center the present moment when it uses more effort. Our findings advance our understanding of brain network processes that characterize elusive subjective experiences during mindfulness. The general framework can be applied to study other forms of meditation and attention, and when processes of attention go awry in psychiatric disorders involving worry, anxiety, and rumination.

The growth and form of knowledge networks by kinesthetic curiosity
Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

Dale Zhou, David Lydon-Staley, Perry Zurn, Dani Bassett

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Throughout life, we might seek a calling, companions, skills, entertainment, truth, self-knowledge, beauty, and edification. In this review, we describe how the practice of curiosity can be viewed as an extended and open-ended search for valuable information with hidden identity and location in a complex space of interconnected information. We propose how a computational model of efficient search can be used to bridge curiosity, cognitive maps, and model-based reinforcement learning.

Builds from our work in Hunters, busybodies, and the knowledge network building associated with curiosity (Nature Human Behavior)
Efficient coding in the economics of human brain connectomics
Network Neuroscience

Dale Zhou, Christopher Lynn, Zaixu Cui, Rastko Ciric, Graham Baum, Tyler Moore, David Roalf, John Detre, Ruben Gur, Raquel Gur, Theodore Satterthwaite, Dani Bassett

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We develop and test a theory of how brain network architecture and biology perform lossy compression to support efficient communication among spatially distributed brain regions. Our framework adapts the mathematics of information theory to understand the limits of sending and receiving packets of information with individually varying speed and reliability across white matter pathways of differing integrity. Longer pathways distort information flow, so brain regions with higher transmission fidelity send and receive packets with greater rate and reliability as a function of network topology prioritizing shortest paths. Our model parsimoniously explains communication as a function of network complexity, how highly connected hub regions integrate information, and the speed and accuracy of behavior.

Conference abstract at Organization of Human Brain Mapping 2020

7 T MRI reveals hippocampal structural abnormalities associated with memory intrusions in childhood-onset schizophrenia
Schizophrenia Research

Dale Zhou, Siyuan Liu, Xueping Zhou, Rebecca Berman, Diane Broadnax, Peter Gochman, Judith Rapoport, Adam Thomas

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The hippocampus and its small subregions are areas of the brain that play an integral role in memory. Our study leveraged new brain imaging methods to study these small subregions and their relation to memory impairment in childhood-onset schizophrenia patients. We found evidence of disrupted morphometric structure (i.e. tissue contraction) associated with impaired memory. If further research corroborates these findings, the specific structural links to memory impairment could inform targeted clinical interventions.

Presented at Julius Axelrod Symposium 2017
Conference abstracts at Society for Neuroscience 2016 , American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2016, Society for Biological Psychiatry 2017
15q13.3 duplication in two patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia
American Journal of Medical Genetics: B

Dale Zhou, Peter Gochman, Diane Broadnax, Judith Rapoport, Kwangmi Ahn

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We provided evidence of a new genetic mutation associated with childhood-onset schizophrenia; specifically, the duplication of the 15q13.3 chromosomal region. Our findings hold import to affected families and their genetic counselors, for whom incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity of these mutations offer substantial challenges. In previous research, the affected genes normally encode neuronal channel receptor proteins which were related to schizophrenia symptoms when mutated. Further research on gene dosage and downstream effects of this mutation may enhance understanding of contributing factors to schizophrenia and improve assessments of genetic risk.

Conference abstract at Society for Biological Psychiatry 2016


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Advocacy & Outreach

I organize and have have been involved in outreach and mentoring across several programs:


Art

Kamen's Lens
Exhibited at Dyslexic Dictionary
Organized and curated by Gershoni Creative
Arion Press Gallery, The Presidio,
San Francisco, CA


Collaboration with Rebecca Kamen and SJ Fowler

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Description from the gallery: '"Dyslexic Dictionary" is a provocation — an invitation to explore and redefine. Nine dyslexic artists have been commissioned to produce a creative response to words, books, poems and even the alphabet itself, highlighting how their minds experience language. Participating artists include Governor Gavin Newsom, Gil Gershoni, Adeniyi Akingbade, Christian Boer, Adam Eli Feibelman, Sally Gardner, Martin Grasser, Rebecca Kamen and Kelsey Ann Kasom.'

Video description: Dyslexia highlights thoughts that are often more perceptual than verbal, shaping a uniquely visuospatial imagination. To depict Rebecca Kamen's visuospatial imagination, we used artificial intelligence (diffusion models) to translate verbal transcripts from Rebecca's interviews and presentations into animated images. Animations visualize the dynamic, fluid, and spontaneous forces underlying Rebecca's connective imagination—her curiosity.

This video spotlights one of Rebecca's artworks, Corona 3, and animates it into slightly different images according to guided prompts from transcripts describing the art. These verbal prompts include: “Vehicles of discovery, the dance of creation and destruction, an energy dance; a pulsating process of creation and destruction. The style of German zoologist Ernst Haeckel." By having artificial intelligence translate words into images, we appreciate a visual reimagining of the unique stories and neurodiverse artists behind how art takes shape.

Below, we took this approach a step further. British poet, SJ Fowler and Rebecca Kamen created an illustrated poem, Kamen's Lens, following years of communication about art, dyslexia, and inspirations. Here SJ Fowler performs a reading of Kamen's Lens. Six illustrations are each paired to their corresponding section of poetry and were animated using the text of the poetry itself.

Sparking Curiosity
Exhibited at Reveal: The Art of Reimagining Scientific Discovery
Organized and curated by Rebecca Kamen and Sarah Tanguy
Museum at the Katzen Arts Center, American University,
Washington, D.C.


Collaboration with David Lydon-Staley, Perry Zurn, Dani Bassett

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Sparking Curiosity depicts the network dynamics of Rebecca Kamen's art process. This network was created from transcribed interviews, where each circle represents a word describing an idea that shaped her artistic journey; and each line indicates how similar those words are to each other. The colors represent communities of ideas that are more alike. Every frame of the video summarizes the spark of hundreds of ideas and their immediate neighbors in the same order as spoken during the interview.

Builds from our work in Hunters, busybodies, and the knowledge network building associated with curiosity (Nature Human Behavior) and in The growth and form of knowledge networks by kinesthetic curiosity (Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences)





CV


Website source code, adapted from template.